de in Scottish Gaelic

IPA: /d̥ʲe/, /d̪̊ə/ (note: some speakers; arises from conflation with do) [Show additional information ▼] [Hide additional information ▲]

Etymology: From Old Irish di. Cognates include Irish de and Manx jeh. Etymology templates: {{dercat|gd|cel-pro|ine-pro|inh=2}}, {{inh|gd|sga|di}} Old Irish di, {{cog|ga|de}} Irish de, {{cog|gv|jeh}} Manx jeh Head templates: {{head|gd|preposition|+ dative||triggers lenition of consonants and Dh-prothesis of vowels||||||combined with the singular definite article|dhen|||cat2=prepositions governing the dative|head=}} de (+ dative, triggers lenition of consonants and Dh-prothesis of vowels, combined with the singular definite article dhen), {{gd-prep|dat|L+|def2=dhen}} de (+ dative, triggers lenition of consonants and Dh-prothesis of vowels, combined with the singular definite article dhen) Forms: of consonants and Dh-prothesis of vowels [triggers-lenition], no-table-tags [table-tags], dhìom [first-person, singular], dhìomsa [emphatic, first-person, singular], dhìot [second-person, singular], dhìotsa [emphatic, second-person, singular], dheth [masculine, singular, third-person], dhethsan [emphatic, masculine, singular, third-person], dhith [feminine, singular, third-person], dhithse [emphatic, feminine, singular, third-person], dhinn [first-person, plural], dhinne [emphatic, first-person, plural], dhibh [plural, second-person], dhibhse [emphatic, plural, second-person], dhiubh [plural, third-person], dhiubhsan [emphatic, plural, third-person], dhe [alternative]

Inflected forms

Alternative forms

[Show JSON for postprocessed kaikki.org data shown on this page ▼] [Hide JSON for postprocessed kaikki.org data shown on this page ▲]

{
  "categories": [
    {
      "_dis": "0 0",
      "kind": "other",
      "name": "Scottish Gaelic entries with incorrect language header",
      "parents": [],
      "source": "w+disamb"
    }
  ],
  "derived": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "english": "down from, from off",
      "translation": "down from, from off",
      "word": "bhàrr"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "gd",
        "2": "cel-pro",
        "3": "ine-pro",
        "inh": "2"
      },
      "expansion": "",
      "name": "dercat"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "gd",
        "2": "sga",
        "3": "di"
      },
      "expansion": "Old Irish di",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ga",
        "2": "de"
      },
      "expansion": "Irish de",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "gv",
        "2": "jeh"
      },
      "expansion": "Manx jeh",
      "name": "cog"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Old Irish di. Cognates include Irish de and Manx jeh.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "of consonants and Dh-prothesis of vowels",
      "tags": [
        "triggers-lenition"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "g",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dhìom",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dhìomsa",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "emphatic",
        "first-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dhìot",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dhìotsa",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "emphatic",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dheth",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dhethsan",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "emphatic",
        "masculine",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dhith",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dhithse",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "emphatic",
        "feminine",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dhinn",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dhinne",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "emphatic",
        "first-person",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dhibh",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dhibhse",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "emphatic",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dhiubh",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dhiubhsan",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "emphatic",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dhe",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "gd",
        "10": "",
        "11": "combined with the singular definite article",
        "12": "dhen",
        "13": "",
        "14": "",
        "2": "preposition",
        "3": "+ dative",
        "4": "",
        "5": "triggers lenition of consonants and Dh-prothesis of vowels",
        "6": "",
        "7": "",
        "8": "",
        "9": "",
        "cat2": "prepositions governing the dative",
        "head": ""
      },
      "expansion": "de (+ dative, triggers lenition of consonants and Dh-prothesis of vowels, combined with the singular definite article dhen)",
      "name": "head"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "dat",
        "2": "L+",
        "def2": "dhen"
      },
      "expansion": "de (+ dative, triggers lenition of consonants and Dh-prothesis of vowels, combined with the singular definite article dhen)",
      "name": "gd-prep"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Scottish Gaelic",
  "lang_code": "gd",
  "pos": "prep",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "50 50",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Scottish Gaelic prepositions",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "of"
      ],
      "id": "en-de-gd-prep-KDkdO8ZO",
      "links": [
        [
          "of",
          "of"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "with-dative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "50 50",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Scottish Gaelic prepositions",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "41 59",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Scottish Gaelic prepositions governing the dative",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "off"
      ],
      "id": "en-de-gd-prep-tNxm3egG",
      "links": [
        [
          "off",
          "off"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "with-dative"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/d̥ʲe/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/d̪̊ə/",
      "note": "some speakers; arises from conflation with do"
    }
  ],
  "word": "de"
}

[Show JSON for raw wiktextract data ▼] [Hide JSON for raw wiktextract data ▲]

{
  "categories": [
    "Pages with 96 entries",
    "Pages with entries",
    "Pages with language headings in the wrong order",
    "Scottish Gaelic entries with incorrect language header",
    "Scottish Gaelic lemmas",
    "Scottish Gaelic prepositions",
    "Scottish Gaelic prepositions governing the dative",
    "Scottish Gaelic terms derived from Old Irish",
    "Scottish Gaelic terms derived from Proto-Celtic",
    "Scottish Gaelic terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
    "Scottish Gaelic terms inherited from Old Irish",
    "Scottish Gaelic terms inherited from Proto-Celtic",
    "Scottish Gaelic terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European"
  ],
  "derived": [
    {
      "english": "down from, from off",
      "translation": "down from, from off",
      "word": "bhàrr"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "gd",
        "2": "cel-pro",
        "3": "ine-pro",
        "inh": "2"
      },
      "expansion": "",
      "name": "dercat"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "gd",
        "2": "sga",
        "3": "di"
      },
      "expansion": "Old Irish di",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ga",
        "2": "de"
      },
      "expansion": "Irish de",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "gv",
        "2": "jeh"
      },
      "expansion": "Manx jeh",
      "name": "cog"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Old Irish di. Cognates include Irish de and Manx jeh.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "of consonants and Dh-prothesis of vowels",
      "tags": [
        "triggers-lenition"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "g",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dhìom",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dhìomsa",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "emphatic",
        "first-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dhìot",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dhìotsa",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "emphatic",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dheth",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dhethsan",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "emphatic",
        "masculine",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dhith",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dhithse",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "emphatic",
        "feminine",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dhinn",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dhinne",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "emphatic",
        "first-person",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dhibh",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dhibhse",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "emphatic",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dhiubh",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dhiubhsan",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "emphatic",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dhe",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "gd",
        "10": "",
        "11": "combined with the singular definite article",
        "12": "dhen",
        "13": "",
        "14": "",
        "2": "preposition",
        "3": "+ dative",
        "4": "",
        "5": "triggers lenition of consonants and Dh-prothesis of vowels",
        "6": "",
        "7": "",
        "8": "",
        "9": "",
        "cat2": "prepositions governing the dative",
        "head": ""
      },
      "expansion": "de (+ dative, triggers lenition of consonants and Dh-prothesis of vowels, combined with the singular definite article dhen)",
      "name": "head"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "dat",
        "2": "L+",
        "def2": "dhen"
      },
      "expansion": "de (+ dative, triggers lenition of consonants and Dh-prothesis of vowels, combined with the singular definite article dhen)",
      "name": "gd-prep"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Scottish Gaelic",
  "lang_code": "gd",
  "pos": "prep",
  "senses": [
    {
      "glosses": [
        "of"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "of",
          "of"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "with-dative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "off"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "off",
          "off"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "with-dative"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/d̥ʲe/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/d̪̊ə/",
      "note": "some speakers; arises from conflation with do"
    }
  ],
  "word": "de"
}

[Show JSON error data ▼] [Hide JSON error data ▲]

{
  "called_from": "form_descriptions/1698",
  "msg": "unrecognized head form: combined with the singular definite article dhen",
  "path": [
    "de"
  ],
  "section": "Scottish Gaelic",
  "subsection": "preposition",
  "title": "de",
  "trace": ""
}

{
  "called_from": "inflection/735",
  "msg": "inflection table: unrecognized header: 'Person:'",
  "path": [
    "de"
  ],
  "section": "Scottish Gaelic",
  "subsection": "preposition",
  "title": "de",
  "trace": ""
}

This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Scottish Gaelic dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2026-03-25 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2026-03-03 using wiktextract (05c257f and 9d9a410). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.

"de" meaning in Scottish Gaelic

Preposition

Inflected forms

Alternative forms